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A. Human Identity
By the end of 5th grade, students should know that:
- Unlike in human beings, behavior in insects and many other species is determined almost entirely by biological inheritance.
- Human beings have made tools and machines to sense and do things that they could not otherwise sense or do at all, or as quickly, or as well.
- Artifacts and preserved remains provide some evidence of the physical characteristics and possible behavior of human beings who lived a very long time ago.
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B. Human Development
By the end of 5th grade, students should know that:
- It takes about 9 months for a human embryo to develop.
- Human beings live longer than most other animals, but all living things die.
- There is a usual sequence of stages in physical and mental development in human beings, although individuals differ in exactly when they reach each stage.
- People are usually able to have children before they are able to care for them properly.
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C. Basic Functions
By the end of 5th grade, students should know that:
- From food, people obtain energy and materials for body repair and growth.
- By breathing, people take in the oxygen they need to live.
- Skin protects the body from harmful substances and other organisms and from drying out.
- The brain gets signals from all parts of the body telling what is going on there.
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D. Learning
By the end of 5th grade, students should know that:
- Human beings have different interests, motivations, skills, and talents.
- Human beings can use the memory of their past experiences to make judgments about new situations.
- Many skills can be practiced until they become automatic.
- Human beings tend to repeat behaviors that feel good or have pleasant consequences and avoid behaviors that feel bad or have unpleasant consequences.
- Learning means using what one already knows to make sense out of new experiences or information, not just storing the new information in one's head.
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E. Physical Health
By the end of 5th grade, students should know that:
- Food provides energy and materials for growth and repair of body parts.
- Tobacco, alcohol, other drugs, and certain poisons in the environment (pesticides, lead) can harm human beings and other living things.
- If germs are able to get inside one's body, they may keep it from working properly.
- There are some diseases that human beings can catch only once.
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F. Mental Health
By the end of 5th grade, students should know that:
- Different individuals handle their feelings differently, and sometimes they have different feelings in the same situation.
- Often human beings don't understand why others act the way they do, and sometimes they don't understand their own behavior and feelings.
- Physical health can affect people's emotional well-being and vice versa.
- One way to respond to a strong feeling, either pleasant or unpleasant, is to think about what caused it and then consider whether to seek out or avoid similar situations.
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